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This is Term Reference question. We can usually find the answer for this by looking at right before + after what is indicated.

“rate” is indicating how much serotonin is converted from tryptophan with intake of carbs, looking at the sentence JUST before the term, and also the very last sentence of the second paragraph. So, since it's not always right before + after that we should only look for, we should have the general ...

This question is driving me nuts. I know it's supposed to be an easy question but I don't understand how (D) is correct.

To summarize:
The stimulus tells us that most regular coffee is made from arabica beans because because it has a richer flavor than coffee made from robusta beans that people prefer. BUT people who drink decaffeinated coffee prefer robusta bean coffee because the flavor isn't affected as much by decaffeination as arabica ...

I had trouble with this question so I am writing out an explanation for self-help...

This is a match the flaw question and the first thing is to identify the flaw in the stim itself, which is mistaken reversal (necessary taken to be sufficient), or in conditional terms:

Premise: OWGS --> NT & ~ET
Premise: In small scale, OW --> NT & ~ET
Conclusion: In small scale, because NT & ~ET --> OWGS

(OW = ...

This is Main Idea question.

The main idea of this passage is something like this:

New evidence regarding canary songs refutes the previous belief on neurogenesis for vertebrates, and this shows a possibility for application to human brains.

Now, let's go to the answer choice.

B), C), and E) can be easily eliminated. Let's go through them first.

B) Canaries are used as representing vertebrates. It's not a target to be distinguished from vertebrates.
C) ...

While I was reading this, I kept thinking of potential loss of neurons when bumping really hard on my head. I wonder if we actually lose brain cells permanently if we bump real hard on our head.

Here is the Passage Analysis.

P1: Past belief was that there is no more neurogenesis after becoming adult for vertebrate.

P2: New evidence regarding canary song shows neurogenesis after becoming adults.

*Full repertoire by breeding season, and losing ...

I got this one wrong because I thought the question stem was asking about regulations governing trade AS IT IS now.. meaning, regulations in place right now that straight up prohibit trade, so I chose D. (because the author says that the current regulations aren't enforced, so if there is severe punishment, that can be a form of enforcement, and I got the feeling the author wants SOME kind of enforcement).

I can see why ...

Here's a breakdown of the conditional notation one might utilize to work through this question.

Stimulus
Festival --> Canadian
Festival -m-> International

Correct Answer
(C) Canadian <-s-> International

Incorrect Answers
(A) International -m-> Festival, could be false
(B) Canadian -m-> Festival, could be false
(D) Festival <-s-> ~International, could be false
(E) International <-s-> ~Festival, could be false

This is Must Be True Except question.
We should be able to directly refer to the passage all the answer choices except one, the right answer.

Let's go to the answer choices.

A) 47-48
B) 48-49
C) Nowhere. Since the ring was formed about 360 million years ago, this is FALSE. (Correct)
D) Last sentence
E) 49-52.

This question is Agree / Disagree question.

Opponents of abiogenic theory claims for nonexistence of CH4 in mantel. So, anything that claims for no CH4 is close to strengthening the opponents.

A) Since the opponents claim for nonexistence of hydrocarbons in mantel, "condensation of hydrocarbons released from the earth's mantel" itself is something he/she would disapprove of. Considering this, claiming oil does not involve that hydrocarbon is something opponents are likely to agree. (Correct)

B) ...

This question asks for function of a paragraph.

The third paragraph is talking about the advocates and opponents of abiogenic theory. The author is especially focusing on presenting advocates answering opponents' criticisms, which makes abiogenic theory more convincing.

Now, let's go to the answer choice.

A) “internal contradiction in that opposing view” is not discussed.

B) This is it. Criticism of a theory (No existence of CH4 in mantels) and countervailing evidence (unoxidized carbon + ...