1. (C)
Question Type: Identify a Flaw
William argues that Pliny the Elder’s claim cannot be correct, but supports his position only with examples of other claims by Pliny the Elder that have turned out to be false. Just because Pliny the Elder was not always correct does not mean that he cannot be correct in this case. Answer choice (C) highlights this flaw.
(A) is incorrect. William does not discuss Anna’s conclusion, only Pliny the Elder’s claim.
(B) is out of scope. William’s argument does not discuss the reasons that Pliny the Elder made his claims (bad faith or otherwise).
(D) is a contradiction. William rejects, rather than accepts, Pliny the Elder’s claim.
(E) is out of scope. William does not discuss the age of Pliny the Elder’s writings.