12. (E)
Question Type: Identify the Flaw
This question deals ostensibly with extreme modifiers. Just because this subsidy hasn’t benefited some of the most isolated rural populations does not mean that it hasn’t benefited any rural populations. In other words, just because some rural populations have not been helped does not mean that no rural populations have been helped. Answer choice (E) best represents this flaw.
(A) is incorrect. This answer choice addresses whether or not the subsidy was needed, not whether it was effective.
(B) is incorrect. It is true that the subsidy benefited some whom it was not intended to benefit (urban populations). That, however, is not the evidence used to support the claim that the subsidy was ineffective. The supporting evidence used is the fact that some of the most rural populations have not benefited.
(C) is incorrect. The argument never implies that the intended purpose of the subsidy was to benefit non-rural populations.
(D) could be true. Maybe some urban populations still have difficulty gaining access to electricity. However, this is not a problem associated with drawing the conclusion of the argument, but rather some other negative association that the argument fails to address.
